Ships and boats are two of the oldest types of transportation and were first built thousands of years ago. Not only have ships and boats been used for transportation throughout history, they have been used for a number of other reasons including to transport cargo, fishing, as a type of defense from armed forces, sports, leisure, and relaxation.
Today, ships, boats, and yachts are built using advanced technology and materials, differing greatly from those that have been used throughout history. The reed boats had sails and a mast and were used on the Nile River.
The galley was a sailing vessel that was powered by man and was used to both fight and trade with neighbors. These were larger ships that had sails and up to sixty men whose job it was to row the ship.
The boats were large but were narrow and long, allowed them to travel along rivers as well as the open sea. Junks were boats that featured a rudder for steering in addition to watertight compartments and battens located on the sails that served to make them much stronger. The Chinese junks were used as transport and fighting ships, and were in use long before western ships that included such features.
These masted sailing ships were used as trade vessels, by explorers, to transport cargo, and as battleships. Previously, yachts had been used by the Dutch navy. After Charles II used a yacht, they became vessels that were known to transport important persons. Steamships used a combination of wind and steam power to move. The ocean going liners were also driven by a propeller instead of sails like many earlier ships.
Other similar boats featured paddle wheels on each side and were called paddle steamers. This made for a lighter boat, portable even! There is circumstantial evidence that such boats were used as early as 9, BCE - before the Pesse canoe; but the required technology is more advanced and it is probable that wood canoes came first. Coracles use wicker baskets for the frame.
European coracles have leather as a skin. In the Middle East and Asia, the waterproofing is achieved with cloth and pitch; for example in the Bible, Moses is sent off in a small basket of bulrushes coated in pitch.
Indian Coracle Irish Curragh In North America, Indians developped the birchbark canoe : a frame of wooden ribs covered with sewn patches of bark. Birchbark was the perfect choice, not only was it lightweight and smooth, but it was also waterproof and resilient. The joints of the canoes were bound together by the root of the white pine and then made waterproof by applying hot pine or spruce resin.
They were developped by the indigenous Aleut and Inuit in subarctic regions of the world. Typically, the kayak is covered and includes a spray skirt to insulate the the rider from the cold and prevent the boat from being swamped by waves.
The northern peoples also built Umiaks: larger open seal-skin boats used to move people and possessions to seasonal hunting grounds.
This is indicative of a hunting technique still used - until recently - by Inuits in North America. As shown below, the hunters ambush migrating herds from boats as they swim accross lakes or rivers. The lack of trees in northern Europe at that time, precludes the use of dugout canoes; hence the assumption that reindeer hide boats were used.
Europe's First Boats , P. Fletcher, AAPP, vol. Metal tools allow the transformation of trees into planks making possible the construction of larger ships for war and commerce by the Egyptians, Phoenicians and Greeks. Canada's First People. National Museum of Australia. Primitive Log Raft. In some areas, the primitive log raft evolved into more elaborate versions with a tapered shape and an odd number of curved logs often held together with sharpened hardwood pins.
Tamil Boat, Kattumaram India. Boy on styrofoam raft in Manila Bay Guardian. Gaza fisherman floating on plastic bottles Times of Israel Aug Kon-Tiki Raft Thor Heyerdahl In , a Norwegian expedition sailed miles accross the Pacific on a Balsa log raft built with primitive materials and techniques, showing that ancient craft were capable of long distance ocean crossings. More information on Modern Crossings Page.
Kon-Tiki, Balsa Logs and Sail. Typical rafts with curved ends. Cormorant Fishing China. Ferry in Kerala. Ecotourism in Jamaica. Ethiopian Papyrus Reed Boat Ethiopia. Single Person Boat Lake Titicaca. Elaborate Reed Boat Lake Titicaca. We enjoy quick travel to and from our favorite destinations, and never have to go without a cool drink or snack along the way. But just how different were they? Below, we will be exploring the origins of boating as we know it today—starting with the very earliest variations.
According to archaeological findings, dugouts were the earliest boats used by travelers as far back as the Neolithic Stone Age—about 8, years ago! These dugouts resembled what we now know as canoes, and were made with the hollowed out trunk of a tree. While a dugout may seem rudimentary to us now, these early vessels were actually made very carefully to support the weight of crew and gear while still being lightweight enough to move through the water.
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