EBV spreads from person to person through bodily fluids, particularly saliva. But you can also get the virus by sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes or eating utensils, with someone who has an active EBV infection. EBV can also be spread through blood and semen. You can start spreading EBV to others as soon as you contract it.
This means you can pass it on to others before you even start to have symptoms of an active infection. Once the virus becomes inactive, you can no longer spread it to others, unless it reactivates.
Potential EBV infections are often diagnosed without any testing. However, blood tests can detect the presence of antibodies associated with EBV. One of these is known as the monospot test. In addition to the monospot test, there are other blood tests for more specific antibodies to EBV, including:.
They can monitor you for signs of complications and give your more information about what to look for as you recover. EBV infection can increase the risk of developing certain rare cancers. This is because mutations in cells infected with EBV can lead to cancerous changes. EBV-associated cancers are uncommon, particularly outside of Africa and some parts of Southeast Asia.
Most people who have had an EBV infection will not go on to develop one of these cancers. However, EBV can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations.
EBV can be spread by using objects, such as a toothbrush or drinking glass, that an infected person recently used. The virus probably survives on an object at least as long as the object remains moist. The first time you get infected with EBV primary EBV infection you can spread the virus for weeks and even before you have symptoms.
Once the virus is in your body, it stays there in a latent inactive state. If the virus reactivates, you can potentially spread EBV to others no matter how much time has passed since the initial infection. Diagnosing EBV infection can be challenging because the symptoms are similar to other illnesses. EBV infection can be confirmed with a blood test that detects antibodies.
About nine out of ten of adults have antibodies that show that they have a current or past EBV infection. For more information, see Laboratory Testing. If you've shared drinks with or kissed someone who has mono, there's no way to tell whether you will get it — unless you know you've had mono before. People who have already been infected with EBV in the past probably won't get sick from EBV again because they have developed antibodies and are immune to it.
Most people have been infected with EBV by the time they reach adulthood. Up to half of kids are infected before age 5. Mono caused by EBV is most common among teens and adults. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis. Section Navigation.
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